Emergy analysis of sugar beet production in Grece using data of Tsatsarelis (1992)
This spreadsheet was prepared in March 5,1999 by LEIA-FEA-Unicamp. Last revision March 10, 1999.
It must be considered as a proposal for discussion of research groups of Greece and Brasil.

Emergy/dollar (estimated) 2.00E+12 sej/$

  Mass   Conversion Energy (J/yha)   Transfor- Emergy   Equiv.   Real
  Flow units per of units Mass (kg/yha)   mities Flow   money. cost money
  quantity year hectare factors Money ($/yha)         flow per flow
        Flows   sej/unit sej/yha % $/yha kg $/yha
rain 5000000 kg / y ha 4.94E+03 2.47E+10 J/aha 1.83E+04 4.51E+14 2.21 225.4   225.4
R = Renewable             4.51E+14 2.21 0.0   0.0
soil used +soil eroded 20000 kg / y ha 9.04E+05 1.81E+10 J/aha 7.38E+04 1.33E+15 6.52 666.8   666.8
water for irrigation 1600000 kg / y ha 4.94E+03 7.90E+09 j/yha 2.55E+05 2.02E+15 9.86 1007.8 0.0002 320.0
N = Non renewable resources             1.33E+15 16.38 1674.6   320.0
I = Natural Resources             1.78E+15 18.59 1674.6   320.0
                       
seeds 3.0 kg / y ha   3.0 kg/yha 2.00E+12 6.00E+12 0.03 3.00 2.000 6.0
lime 0 kg / y ha   0 kg/yha 1.00E+12 0.00E+00 0 0 0.015 0
phosphate fertilizer 100.0 kg / y ha   100.0 kg/yha 3.90E+12 3.90E+14 1.91 195.0 0.500 50.0
nitrogeneous fertilizer 132.0 kg / y ha   132.0 kg/yha 3.80E+12 5.02E+14 2.45 250.8 0.300 39.6
potassium fertilizer 0 kg / y ha   0 kg/yha 1.10E+12 0.00E+00 0 0 0.270 0
herbicides 11.0 kg / y ha   11.0 kg/yha 8.24E+14 9.06E+15 44.34 4532.0 8.850 97.4
inseticides 11.0 kg / y ha   11.0 kg/yha 1.48E+13 1.63E+14 0.80 81.4 8.560 94.2
fungicides 18.0 kg / y ha   18.0 kg/yha 1.48E+13 2.66E+14 1.30 133.2 2.130 38.3
machinery 66.9 kg / y ha   66.9 kg/yha 6.70E+12 4.48E+14 2.19 224.0 2.000 133.8
fuel 1600 kg / y ha 4E+07 7.17E+10 j/yha 6.60E+04 4.73E+15 23.14 2365.4 0.700 1120.0
Goods             1.56E+16 76.16 7784.9   1579.2
manual operation labor 158.0 hours/y ha 558 88185.1 j/yha 2.78E+10 2.45E+15 11.97 1224.0 7.75 1224.0
machinery operation labor 0 hours/y ha 558 0 j/yha 8.00E+10 0.00E+00 0.00 0 22.00 0.0
management (administration) 1.1 hours/y ha 384 436 j/yha 2.30E+11 1.00E+14 0.49 50.0 44.00 50.0
public services (taxes) 170.5 dollars/y ha   170.5 $/yha 2.00E+12 3.41E+14 1.67 170.5   170.5
investment (pay. & return) 100.0 dollars/y ha   100.0 $/yha 2.00E+12 2.00E+14 0.98 100.0   100.0
Subsidies 0 dollars/y ha   0.0 $/yha 2.00E+12 0.00E+00 0.00 0   0
Services             3.1E+15 15.11 1544.5   1544.5
F = Resources from economy             1.87E+16 91.27 9329.4   3123.7
Total Emergy used             2.0E+16 100.00 11004.0   3443.7

Production     J /kg J / y ha     emergy of money received   est.value mkt val. econ. cost
sugar beet (roots) 61100.0 kg /year ha 3.39E+06 2.07E+11     2.4E+16   11229.4 12220.0 4336.0
Price 0.200 dollars/kg                  

Estimative of Flow of % Emergy Dollars              
the losses emergy of loss sej/yha $/yha              
rain water 4.51E+14 0.2 9.0E+13 45.1              
Soil 1.33E+15 0.1 1.3E+14 66.7              
Fertilizers 8.92E+14 0.4 3.6E+14 178.3              
Biocides 9.49E+15 0.4 3.8E+15 1898.6              
Total of losses     4.4E+15 2188.7              

Emergy Indices Analysis            
R = 4.5E+14 TR = Y/Qp 108408 prod. emergy sej /prod. energy J Transformity
N = 1.3E+15 EYR = Y/F 1.09 capture of energy from nature Emergy Yield Rate
I = 1.8E+15 EIR = F/I 11.59 purchased / free Emergy Investment Rate
M = 1.8E+16 ELR = (N+F)/R 48.82 non reneable/renewable Emergy Loading Ratio
S = 3.1E+15 %R = R/Y 0.02 renewable/total Renewability
F = 2.1E+16 EER = Eprod/Emoney 0.92 emergy given/ emergy received Emergy Exchange Ratio
Y = 2.2E+16 Ideal cost = Y/(kg/yha)($/kg)(sej/$) 0.18 fair price  

Economic rentability            
Annual liquid profit   Sales - production cost + subsidy   991    
------------------------------------ = -------------------------------------------- = -------------- = 22.85%
Annual cost   Economic annual cost   4336    

Enrique Ortega ortega@fea.unicamp.br & Ricardo H. da Silva ricampeq97@hotmail.com
Laboratorio de Engenharia Ecológica e Informática Aplicada
FEA - Unicamp, Caixa Postal 6121, 13083-970 Campinas - SP - Brasil
Fax: +55 (19) 289 15 13
Internet: http://www.unicamp.br/fea/ortega/homepage.htm